Field Guide to Stafford County Snakes

Northern Copperhead
Agkistrodon contortix mokasen
The length of this species is 24-36 inches and the color is coppery red on the head with an hourglass pattern. There are dark rounded spots at the sides of belly.

**** Poisonous ****

Eastern Wormsnake
Carphophis amoenus amoenus
The worm snake grows up to 12 in. long. It is plain brown above, with the belly pink and the head pointed. They are limited to wooded areas, or to open fields bordered by woods, and are abundant in less cultivated areas. They require moist soil and tend to remain under cover using logs, rocks, leaf mold, sand soil, or loose soil 
Northern Black Racer
Coluber constrictor constrictor
They grow from 10 to 60 in. long. They are slender; black above and below, usually with very little white on chin and throat. They can burrow often retreats upward into bushes or low branches of trees when closely pursued. They are nervous, irritable, fast moving; will strike and bite when cornered.
Ring Necked Snake
Diapophis punctatus
The adult is gray to bluish black above with a flat black head. The neck ring and ventral color varies from yellowish to reddish. The neck ring may be incomplete. The belly is unmarked to having a row of dark, half-moon-shaped spots along its length. They grow from 10 to 16 in.
Black Ratsnake
Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta
They are plain, shiny black. The belly is clouded with gray or brown on white or yellowish, but usually with some indications of checker boarding, at least toward the head and chin. They are excellent climbers.  The most common hibernation places are hollow trees and stumps. They grow up to 67 in.
Eastern Hog-nosed Snake
Heterodon platirhinos
They grow  from 18-30 inches long. The general coloration is variable and yellow, brown, gray, orange, or red may predominate. They are normally spotted. The belly is mottled, gray or greenish on yellow, light gray, or pinkish. They snakes are found in areas with sandy soils. They have been found in fields, open grassy areas adjacent woods, and in open pine, mixed pine and deciduous hardwood.
Mole Kingsnake
Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata
They are a yellowish, grayish or olive brown with small red dish brown blotches down the back, alternating with smaller blotches on the sides. Each blotch has a narrow black border. The belly is yellowish brown with indistinct brown spots. They are subterranean and nocturnal. They are usually seen when they are plowed up or at night when they are crossing a road. They prowl mole tunnels in search of mice as well as moles. They also burrow on their own.  They grow up to 48 in.
Eastern Kingsnake
Lampropeltis getula getula
They are shiny black with a chain- like pattern of white or yellow. Belly is bluish-gray with white or yellowish squares.  They can grow to over 80 in long. They usually hide under logs,  boards or in stumps. They are seen at dusk or dawn or on cloudy days. They vibrate their tails when disturbed and for discharging musk from glands at the base of the tail.
Northern Watersnake
Nerodia sipedon sipedon
They grow from 24 to 42 inches long. It is a large water snake. It has dark cross bands on the neck and front parts of the body, but alternating blotches on the rest of the body. There are black or reddish half moons on the belly. The adults tend to darken so that the pattern becomes obscure. They are found in or near permanent rivers, pond, and lakes. They bask on logs, branches, driftwood, or banks near water. 
Rough Greensnake
Opheodrys aestivus
They are plain light green above and white, cream or yellow underneath, often with a greenish cast. The body is very slender with the head being wider than the neck. They grow to 30 inches in length. This snake does most of its activity in trees, low bushes, or tall grass. It is a docile species that will not bite.
Northern Brownsnake
Storeria dekayi dekayi
They grow to almost 8 in. length. The body and tail light are brown or gray to dark brown or nearly black with a longitudinal series of small, paired, black spots. The belly is
cream to gray and usually plain.: They are nocturnal in the spring. It prefers a damp area with ground cover, i.e. logs, boards and rocks. This is a common snake in suburban yards and urban parks. It is non- poisonous and does not bite.
Northern Red-bellied Snake
Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata
They are usually brown above but may vary from gray to nearly black. There are four indistinct dark stripes and/ or a broad light stripe may occur on the back. The belly is usually bright red with no markings. They grow to 16 in. in length. This snake will not bite when handled, but may emit musk from glands at the base of the tail.
Eastern Gartersnake
Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis
They grow from 5 to 48 inches long There are normally 3 yellowish stripes, but they may be brownish, greenish, or bluish. They are found in a damp habitat, although it occurs in a wide variety of areas,  including the edges of waterways, meadows, marshes, woodlands, hillsides, weedy or brushy areas and old fields. They are also in waste places in cities, and in city lots and dumps where there is moisture, or at least dampness.
Eastern Smooth Earthsnake
Virginia veleriae veleriae
They have smooth back scales. They grow up to a length of  12 1/2 in. The back of the body, head, and tail are a reddish brown to dark gray, adults often have an irregular pattern of tiny black flecks or spots. The belly is completely cream color. They are abundant in woodlands, although they may be found in fields, pastures or gardens where the soil is loose enough to burrow in. Rotting logs and stumps are a favorite shelter.